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| Overview |
In this activity, students "become" one of the major characters in a book and describe themselves and other characters, using lists of accurate, powerful adjectives. In class discussion, students support their lists with details from the novel.
The description here uses The Scarlet Letter as an example, but this activity is effective with any work of literature in which characterization is important. Check below for alternate characters and novels for other books that will work with this lesson.
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| From Theory to Practice |
Character analysis represents one of the most common assignments given in literature classes. A successful character analysis demands that students infer abstract traits and values from literal details contained in a text. This lesson plan not only asks students to infer those traits but also to show that knowledge by applying the traits as they create their own list from the character's perspective. By adopting the traits of a main character, students must "show" their understanding of that character's main features, rather than simply "telling" with a list of traits.
Additionally, the lesson plan provides an opportunity for students to explore the supporting reasons for the traits they have chosen, especially in the context of commonalities among the lists compiled by the class. Even when students can confidently formulate appropriate traits, they often find it hard to connect specific details to their inferences. This process of creating lists and then discussing them as a class gives students practice in connecting detail to inference.
Further, the activity incorporates collaborative learning, grammar instruction in context, vocabulary, and higher-level thinking on issues dealing with the novel.
This lesson plan was adapted from John Forsyth's "Through Characters' Eyes," Teaching Literature in High School: The Novel. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1995, pp. 16-17.
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| Student Objectives |
Students will
- review the characteristics of adjectives.
- define the literary term "character trait" and explore how to provide details that support their inferences.
- conduct research using Internet reference resources to find accurate and descriptive word choice.
- explore perspective by writing descriptive word lists from the point of view of a character in a novel they've read recently.
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| Instructional Plan |
Resources
Preparation
- Students have read a substantial portion of the novel and have discussed the relative strengths, weaknesses, and attributes of various characters.
- Make copies of the assignment, character traits, and adjective handouts, if desired. Alternately, find similar information in your class grammar and literature books.
- Test the Character
Traits Chart Student Interactive on your computers to familiarize yourself
with the tool and ensure that you have the Flash plug-in installed. You can
download the plug-in from the technical
support page.
Instruction and Activities
Session One
- Review the adjective part of speech, using the Capital Community College "Guide to Grammar and Writing" Web site or your grammar textbook as as reference.
- Brainstorm a list of character traits or provide a short list on the board, to provide a sample for students.
- Working from the information on adjectives and the sample character traits, compose a class definition of the literary term.
- Using a character from another work that students have read, demonstrate
the process of compiling a list of character traits, using online resources
such as an Internet dictionary or thesaurus or the thesaurus in Microsoft Word.
Share the list
of character traits
with students, if desired.
- Compile the data for the character in the Character
Traits Chart, showing students how to add items to the chart as well as
how to print and save their work:
- Type your name in the first slot in the interactive.
- For the title, choose the character name. Students may also indicate
the book which includes the character.
- Click Next to move to the chart screen and enter your information.
- In the first column, write the character's actions from the book. You
can include page numbers also. In the second column, write the character
traits related to the action.
- Demonstrate that writing is not limited to the size of the box shown
on screen. Answers will scroll.
- When you’ve finished writing your responses, click Finish at
the top of the screen.
- In the next window, click Print. Your answers will be displayed
in a Web browser window.
- To print answers, choose the Print command from the File menu.
To save your answers, choose the Save As... command from the File menu.
Students can open the file later in a Web editor or a word processor
that imports HTML (such as Microsoft Word or AppleWorks).
- Show students that the instructions for using the tool are available
by clicking Instructions at the top of the screen.
- Divide students into pairs or small groups. Have students work through the
character traits on their own for one character from
the book
they're
reading,
using
the Character
Traits Chart. Ideally, the character that they focus on will be the same
character whose point of view they will adopt in Session Two. If computers
are not available, students can use the Identifying
Character Traits worksheet.
- Once students have compiled a list of traits and support from the novel,
give each pair or group a piece of butcher paper or newsprint and a wide marker.
- Use the Become a Character Assignment as an overhead or handout to explain the activity to the class.
- Give the students the remainder of the class to work on their lists.
Session Two
- Give students 10-15 minutes to finish their lists and their charts.
- As students finish, post their work on the wall or board until all the lists are up.
- Number the papers and assign each list a letter, so that everyone can refer to a particular list easily.
- Each student pair then examine the posted lists and, on a sheet of paper,
attempts to identify who is being described.
- Depending upon the time available, look at each list or a selected number of lists, discussing identities.
- The authors of the lists under discussion finally give the "right answers." Again, depending upon time, the class can discuss the adjectives in each list and can cite specific events and details from the text which either support or call into question the accuracy of those adjectives.
- (Optional) Have students look for patterns such as the number of pairs who chose a particular character, or adjectives that were repeated by several groups, as well as adjectives that did the best job of description.
Alternative Focuses
| Work |
Characters |
| The Hobbit |
Bilbo, Gandalf, Smaug, Thorin |
| To Kill a Mockingbird |
Scout, Jem, Atticus, Boo |
| Romeo and Juliet |
Romeo, Juliet, the Nurse, Mercutio |
| The Color Purple |
Celie, Nettie, Mister, Shug |
| Adventures of Huckleberry Finn |
Huck, Tom, Jim, the River |
| Ender's Game |
Ender, Peter, Valentine, Bean |
| The Great Gatsby |
Gatsby, Daisy, Nick, George Wilson |
| Death of a Salesman |
Willy, Biff, Bernard, Uncle Ben |
| The House on Mango Street |
Esperanza, Mama, Papa, Alicia |
This lesson plan could also be used as a semester review. Each group could focus on characters from different readings. In addition to identifying the characters, students would identify the work that the characters are in.
Extensions
- Expand on students' focus on a particular character from the novel by having them write a character diary entry from their adopted character's point of view. Use a diary prompt from Traci's Lists of Ten, or let students make up their own topics.
- Have students use the Profile Publisher either as an aid in generating their list of adjectives before the Become a Character Assignment or as a synthesis of their learning at the completion of the lesson.
Web Resources
- Merriam-Webster Online:
The Language Center
http://www.m-w.com/
- On this Web site, you can access the full text of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, and Collegiate Thesaurus. Site links take you
to word games, the featured word of the day, and to Word Central, a language
site for kids.
- Adjectives
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm
- This section of the Capital Community College "Guide to Grammar and Writing"
Web site provides extensive information on adjectives—more than enough
information to help any students who are unsure about the part of speech.
- Using
the Thesaurus
http://atto.buffalo.edu/registered/Tutorials/msword/Thesaurus.doc
- This reproducible provides step-by-step instructions for using the thesaurus
in Microsoft Word.
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| Student Assessment/Reflections |
Informal assessment works best for this activity. As students work on their list, circulate among pairs, observing students' use of reference books and their lists of adjectives. Provide support and feedback as you move from group to group.
The ultimate assessment for this activity will be students' reaction to the lists written by their peers and their ability to provide support for the traits on the list. As students go over the lists as a group, reinforce good choice of traits, noting both students' word choice and the connection between trait and character.
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3 - Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features (e.g., sound-letter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics).
6 - Students apply knowledge of language structure, language conventions (e.g., spelling and punctuation), media techniques, figurative language, and genre to create, critique, and discuss print and nonprint texts.
8 - Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.
11 - Students participate as knowledgeable, reflective, creative, and critical members of a variety of literacy communities.
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